@article {247, title = {Perceptions and Attitudes about the Voluntary/Charitable Pharmaceutical Care Services in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {9}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {62-70}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {62}, abstract = {

Objectives: To illustrate the pharmacist perception of voluntary or charitable pharmacies in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey that discussed Pharmacist perception of voluntary or charitable pharmacies in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents{\textquoteright} demographic information about pharmacists, The Perception of voluntary or charitable pharmacies, and barriers, which factors may Discourage you from implementing voluntary or charitable pharmacy. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ2, and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 been done with the study. The data analysis of the pharmacist knowledge of charity pharmacies is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 578 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, one-third responded from the Central region (180 (31.14\%)), and one Quarter responded from the western region (140 (24.22\%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded more than females (373 (64.53\%)) versus 205 (35.47\%)), with statistically significant differences among gender (p=0.001). Most of the responders were in the age group of 35-44 years (155 (26.82\%)), age group 25-34 years (144 (24.91\%)), age group 45-54 years (126 (21.80\%)), and with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). The average score of perception of pharmacists about the Charity pharmacy was (3.69). The element {\textquotedblleft}I am willing to implementation of the charity pharmacy{\textquotedblright} obtained the highest score (3.90). The aspect {\textquotedblleft}I am getting the clinical outcome for the patient from charity pharmacy{\textquotedblright} (3.78). The average score of perception of pharmacists about factors that may (Discourage) you from participating in the charity pharmacy was (3.46). The element {\textquotedblleft}the charity pharmacy Should not be mandatory{\textquotedblright} obtained the highest score (3.57). The aspect {\textquotedblleft}There is not periodic training of medical staff about charity pharmacy{\textquotedblright} (3.52).

}, keywords = {Attitudes, Charitable, Perceptions, Pharmaceutical Care, Saudi Arabia., Services, Voluntary}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2023.9.11}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Abeer Hussin Almasoudi and Maha Hussein Almadany and Ghudair Tashan Alanazi and Khawla Ibrahim Al-shahrani} } @article {236, title = {Voluntary/Charitable Pharmaceutical Care Knowledge in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {9}, year = {2023}, month = {November 2023}, pages = {11-19}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {11}, abstract = {

Objectives: To explore the pharmacist{\textquoteright}s knowledge about voluntary or charitable pharmaceutical care in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey discussing pharmacist{\textquoteright}s knowledge about voluntary or charitable pharmaceutical care services in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents{\textquoteright} demographic information about pharmacists and general information about charity pharmacy practice, pharmacists{\textquoteright} knowledge about voluntary or charitable pharmaceutical care services, and voluntary or charitable pharmacy practice resources. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ2, and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6 been done with the study. The data analysis of the pharmacist knowledge of charity pharmacies is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 578 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Onehalf of the responders knew about pharmacy volunteering activities 230 (57.09\%). Most pharmacists did not participate in the volunteering activities because they did not have time for it 197 (41.21\%), they did not need it 141 (29.50\%), and they did not take any educational or training 120 (25.10\%), or volunteering activities is difficult to understand 105 (21.97\%). Less than one-half of responders only know where to go if they want to participate in Charity Pharmacy at their work 243 (42.26\%) or participate in Charity Pharmacy outside their work 259 (44.97\%). The average score of level knowledge of the pharmacy volunteer was (3.44). The element {\textquotedblleft}Vision and mission of Charity Pharmacy{\textquotedblright} obtained the highest score (3.81). The average score of the level information of the resources about charity pharmacies was (3.52). The resources of the {\textquotedblleft}Governmental sector{\textquotedblright} obtained the highest score (3.71), followed by {\textquotedblleft}General medical or health society{\textquotedblright} (3.59). Conclusion: The average knowledge of pharmacy professionals of charitable pharmaceuticals care services was insufficient. Therefore, targeting awareness and training programs about charitable pharmacy services is highly suggested to improve learning and participation in the future.

}, keywords = {Charitable, Knowledge, Pharmaceutical Care, Pharmacist, Saudi Arabia., Voluntary}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2023.9.2}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Ghudair Tashan Alanazi and Maha Hussein Almadany and Abeer Hussin Almasoudi and Khawla Ibrahim Al-shahrani} } @article {242, title = {Voluntary/Charitable Pharmacy Practice in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {9}, year = {2023}, month = {November 2023}, pages = {44-51}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {44}, abstract = {

Objectives: To demonstrate the pharmacist practice of the voluntary or charitable pharmacy in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey that discussed the Pharmacist practice of voluntary or charitable pharmacies in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents{\textquoteright} demographic information about pharmacists and Pharmacy charity general practice, the practice of voluntary or charitable in various sectors. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closedended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald{\textquoteright}s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ2, and Gutmann{\textquoteright}s λ6, had been done with the study. The data analysis of the Pharmacist practice of charity pharmacies is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery{\textquoteright}s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 578 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, one-third responded from the Central region (180 (31.14\%)), and one Quarter responded from the western region (140 (24.22\%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded more than females (373 (64.53\%)) versus 205 (35.47\%)), with statistically significant differences among gender (p=0.001). Most of the responders were in the age group of 35-44 years (155 (26.82\%)), age group 25-34 years (144 (24.91\%)), age group 45-54 years (126 (21.80\%)), and with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). Less than one-half of the responders, Always, 251 (43.65\%), or sometimes 130 (22.61\%), participated as pharmacy volunteers before, with a statistically significant difference between the responses (p\<0.000). Most pharmacists participate in pharmacy volunteer More than once a week, 260 (45.45\%), or 129 (22.55\%) a few times a year. Most of the responders participated in pharmacy charity for getting paradise 338 (59.61\%), Improved their CV 283 (49.91\%), and met their attractive 232 (49.91\%). The majority of pharmacists prefer to participate as pharmacy volunteers during Disaster period 400 (70.03\%), Ramadan time 368 (64.11\%), regular days 363 (63.24\%), and Hajj period 322 (56.10\%). Conclusion: The charitable pharmacy practice by pharmacy practitioners was inadequate. The majority of pharmacy providers spend little time annually practicing charitable pharmacy activities and prefer to participate during disasters, the holy month of Ramadan, and the Hajj period. Therefore, awareness of charitable pharmacy practice is essential to improve pharmacy participation in the future.

}, keywords = {Charitable, Charity, Pharmacist, Pharmacy Practice, Saudi Arabia., Voluntary}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2023.9.7}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Maha Hussein Almadany and Abeer Hussin Almasoudi and Ghudair Tashan Alanazi and Khawla Ibrahim Al-shahrani} } @article {221, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Basic Hygiene for Pharmacy Staff}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {46-56}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {46}, abstract = {

Objectives: This study aims at declaring the Hand Hygiene (HH) and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) policy and procedures as a new initiative for Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) for the pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a narrative review of pharmacy infection control. A literature search was performed using various databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, about specific topics related to infection control in pharmacy practice. The search period was from the 1960s to October 2021. The terms searched were in English and included narrative review, systemic review, meta-analysis, and guidelines. terms Policies and procedures for the last 10 years across all hospitals or community pharmacy services were included in the search terms. The research team of the pharmacy infection control consist of various expert members including clinical pharmacists, community pharmacists, and infection control specialists. One member drafted the policy. Some member reviewed the draft policy and corrected it. The other member, who is an infection control specialist, revised last draft. The topic emphasizes on the adoption and practices of the policies and procedures on hand hygiene (HH) and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the pharmacy infection prevention and control. Results: The hand hygiene and personal protective equipment policy of pharmacy infection prevention control consist of various items, including steps of hand hygiene and proper donning and doffing sequences of the PPE during pharmacy performances. Conclusion: The policies and procedures related to hand hygiene and personal protective equipment are the foundations of pharmacy infection control and control. Implementation and practices of HH and PPE aims at the prevention and control Healthcare wirh ephazaized on pharmacy staff related Infections, which in lieu, improve patient safety Therefore, hand hygiene and personal protective equipment policy is recommended for all pharmacy settings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Hand hygiene, Infection control, Personal protective equipment, Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.7}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Maha Hussein Almadany and Fatimah Abdaziz Almana and Ebtissam Mohammad Badawoud and Fahad Khurshid} } @article {229, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Education and Training}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {105-112}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {105}, abstract = {

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to explore the Education and Training policy of pharmacy infection control as a new initiative project in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a narrative review of pharmacy infection control. The literature search was done using databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, about specific pharmacy practice infection control policies and procedures. The search time was from the 1960s to October 2021. The topic was in English and included narrative review, meta-analysis, systemic review, and guidelines across all hospitals and community pharmacy services. Moreover, the national and international guidelines of general research in hospital practice. The pharmacy research committee formulated and consisted of various experts, including clinical pharmacists, drug information pharmacists, and infection control specialists. Some authors drafted the policy and procedures, and others reviewed and corrected them. The additional author, an infection control specialist, revised the final document. The study emphasizes the Pharmacy infection control policy of Research Education and Training. Results: The Pharmacy Infection control Education and Training policy consisted of various items, including program objectives, admission requirements, teaching and education methodology, and Pharmacy infection control Education and Training steps in pharmacy practice. The education and training contained five models. Namely hand hygiene and personal protective equipment, environment and workplace, employment immunization and occupational safety, pharmacy wastage and spill cleaning, pharmacoepidemiology with a pharmacy infection control surveillance, and pharmacy infection control quality management. Each model described Module description, Learning Objectives, Module Outlines, and Competency items. Conclusion: The pharmacy infection control policy of Research Education and Training is a new initiative for pharmacy career professionals. The Pharmacy infection control Education and Training pharmacy policy aims to improve infection control skills and encourage pharmacists{\textquoteright} compliance with infection control regulations in different places in the public and healthcare organizations. Therefore, education and training in pharmacy infection control policy are necessary for the pharmaceutical care services in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Education, Infection control, Pharmacy, Policy, Saudi Arabia, Training}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.14}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Maha Hussein Almadany and Bader Abdullah Alqannass and Eman Elsayed Younis and Rehab Ahmed Al Noaimi and Hamidah Qasim Ali Abushomi} } @article {222, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Environmental and Workplace Policy}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {57-68}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {57}, abstract = {

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to illustrate pharmacy infection control environmental and workplace policy as a new initiative in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a narrative review. It relates to pharmacy infection Prevention and control. The following databases were searched for literature review-medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Topics were explored in line with the objectives of the study. The period of the search was from 1960 to October 2021. The search language was English. The literature search included narrative review, systemic review, meta-analysis, and related guidelines. The search also included policies related to hospitals as well as community pharmacy services. A research team was formed. It included clinical pharmacists, expert pharmacists, and infection control specialists. The policy was drafted by the some authors. The other pharmacists were vested with the responsibility of reviewing the draft. The infection control specialist reviewed issues related to the field of its specialty. The review highlighted pharmacy environmental Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and workplace policies and procedures. Results: The environmental and workplace policies of pharmacy infection control consisted of various items. For example, policies regarding the handling of carpet and furniture, clothes, water and solutions, air handling systems, sinks and toilet, and the kitchen. In addition to the maintenance of sterile and nonsterile compounding areas, the point of dispensing at ambulatory care services, drug distribution at inpatient pharmacy, and the types of disinfectants to be used, including their indications and safety. Conclusion: Environmental and workplace policies and procedures are new initiatives for Pharmacy Infection Prevention and Control (PIPC) in Saudi Arabia. Such initiatives would keep the preparation of medication and dispensing area clean and sterile by preventing the growth of any bacteria or any other microorganisms. The quality of safe drug dispensing and patient safety are being ensured too. Therefore, environmental and workplace policies are highly recommended for implementation in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Environment, Infection control, Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia, Workplace}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.8}, author = {Dr. Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Maha Hussein Almadany and Fatimah Abdaziz Almana and Nora Saeed Alsolami} } @article {224, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {77-83}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {77}, abstract = {

Objectives: Pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance is an initiative that provides insights into pharmacy infection control. It involves various guidelines and policies that must be followed to ensure the pharmacy environment and workplace are secured from infections. Different approaches have been considered for the measures to be effective. Documentation of pharmacy practices in every area of the pharmacy department is vital in controlling the pharmacy infections. This study aimed to explore the pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance policy in pharmacy practice as a new initiative in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a narrative review of pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance pharmacy practice. Litterateur searched. A literature search was performed using various databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, about specific pharmacy practice infection control policies and procedures. The search period was from the 1960s until October 2021. The terms were in English and included narrative review, systemic review, metaanalysis, and guidelines across all hospitals and community pharmacy services. Moreover, the national and international guidelines of were searched that relates to the study objectives. The committee of pharmacy research formulated and consisted of various experts, including clinical pharmacists, drug information pharmacists, and infection control specialists. Some authors drafted the policy guidelines, and others reviewed and corrected them. The additional author, an infection control specialist, revised the final document. The study emphasizes the pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance of the Pharmacy infection control policy. Results: The Pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance policy consisted of pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance steps in pharmacy practice. The pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance contained multiple performances: infected prepared medications, type of bugs, and sensitivity patterns to medications. In addition to the number of spillage cleaning and needle-stick injuries, the number of cross-tarnsmission of infections. Besides, the search also included adherence to infection control guidelines. Conclusion: Pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance policy is a new pharmacy infection prevention and control initiative. The pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance policy enhances the infection control documentation system. Additionally, it encourages pharmacists to follow infection prevention and control regulations in various locations throughout the public and healthcare systems. Therefore, pharmacoepidemiology and infection control surveillance policies strongly recommend Saudi Arabian pharmacy pratices.

}, keywords = {Control, Infection, Pharmacoepidemiology, Pharmacy, Surveillance}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.10}, author = {Dr. Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Nahed Rashid Alyami and Maha Hussein Almadany and Fatimah Abdaziz Almana} } @article {225, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Quality Perspective}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {84-91}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {84}, abstract = {

Objectives: This study aimed to declare the total quality management of infection control policy in pharmacy practice as a new initiative in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a narrative review of pharmacy infection control. The literature search was performed using various databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, about specific pharmacy practice infection control policies and procedures. The search period was from the 1960s until October 2021. The terms were in English and included narrative review, systemic review, meta-analysis, and guidelines across all hospitals and community pharmacy services. The national and international guidelines in hospital practice guide pharmacy infection control activities. The committee of pharmacy research formulated and consisted of various experts, including clinical pharmacists, drug information pharmacists, and infection control specialists. Some authors drafted the policy guidelines, and the others author reviewed and corrected them. An infection control specialist revised the final document. The study emphasizes the quality management of pharmacy infection control policies and procedures. Results: The quality management of the pharmacy infection control policy consisted of various items, including quality management steps in pharmacy infection control. The quality management of pharmacy infection control policy contained five models, namely, patient care, research skills, communication, professionalism, and continuous professional development. Each model has various activities, key performance indicators, and optimal targets per indicator. Conclusion: The quality management of pharmacy infection control policy is a new initiative aimed at improving the quality of care provided. The quality management of infection control policy is aimed to improve the efficiency of infection control in pharmaceutical care services at various locations in the public and healthcare organizations. Therefore, the quality management of infection control policy is highly recommended for pharmacy career professionals worldwide.

}, keywords = {Infection control, Pharmacy, Policy, Quality management, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.11}, author = {Dr. Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Maha Hussein Almadany and Fatimah Abdaziz Almana} } @article {223, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Staff Immunization and Occupational Infections}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {July 2022}, pages = {69-76}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {69}, abstract = {

Objectives: This study aimed to declare pharmacy infection control concerning the staff immunization and occupational infections policy as a new initiative in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a narrative review of pharmacy infection control. The literature search was performed using various databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, about specific topics related to infection control in pharmacy practice. The search period was from the 1960s to October 2021. The terms searched were in English and included narrative review, systemic review, meta-analysis, and guidelines. The terms {\textquotedblright}Policies{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}Procedures{\textquotedblright} were limited to the last 10 years across all hospitals, and community pharmacy services were included in the search terms. The committee of pharmacy infection control consisted of various expert members, including clinical pharmacists, community pharmacists, and infection control specialists. The first members drafted the policy. The second members reviewed the draft policy and corrected it. Finally, the third members, an infection control specialist, revised the draft. The topic emphasizes staff immunization policies and procedures and occupational safety for pharmacy infection control. Results: The staff immunization and occupational safety policy of pharmacy infection control consisted of various items, and it included instructions for adult{\textquoteright}s vaccines for pharmacy staff and interns, the adult{\textquoteright}s vaccines needed for a particular condition, immunization for occupational infections, and work restriction for infected pharmacy personal. Conclusion: The policies and procedures related to staff immunization and occupational safety are new initiatives in pharmacy practice. It is an active measurement for preventing various infectious diseases among pharmacy personnel. Therefore, staff immunization and safety related to occupational infections policy is the foundation of pharmacy human resources in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Immunization, Infection control, Occupational infections, Occupational safety, Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia, Staff}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.9}, author = {Dr. Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Randa Jaroudi and Maha Hussein Almadany and Elaf Mohamaf Faraj and Fatimah Abdaziz Almana} } @article {227, title = {Pharmacy Infection Control: Wastages and Spill Cleaning}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {92-98}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {92}, abstract = {

Objective: In this study, we aimed to illustrate pharmacy infection control wastages and spill cleaning policy as a new initiative in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This narrative review of pharmacy infection control emphasizes wastages and spill cleaning. A literature search was done using various databases containing PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. About specific pharmacy practice infection control policies and procedures. The search time was from the 1960s to October 2021. The topic was English, including narrative review, systemic review, meta-analysis, and guidelines across hospitals and community pharmacy services. Moreover, the national and international guidelines of general research in hospital practice. The committee of pharmacy research formulated and consisted of various experts, including clinical pharmacists, drug information pharmacists, and infection control specialists. The first author drafted the policy guidelines, and the second author reviewed and corrected them. The third author, an infection control specialist, revised the final document. The study emphasizes policy and procedures related to wastage and spill cleaning for pharmacy infection control. Results: The wastages and spill cleaning policy of pharmacy infection control consisted of various items, including the types of pharmacy wastages (biohazard wastages, non-biohazard wastages, sharp material), steps in the management of pharmacy wastages, spill kit contents, and cleaning of spill material. Conclusion: The policy and procedures of wastages and spill cleaning are new initiative procedures aimed at pharmacy infection control. In pharmacy settings, it is part of the biohazard and safety foundation. As such, waste management and spill clean-up policies are critical in pharmaceutical care services to improve safe disposal.

}, keywords = {Infection control, Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia, spill cleaning, Wastages}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2022.8.12}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Anhar Alyousef and Mohammed Mominul Islam and Abdulrahman Nabeel Yousif and Abdulrahman Nabeel Yousif Sharaf and Eman Mohamed Hasan Alaali and Maha Hussein Almadany and Hamidah Qasim Ali Abushomi} }