@article {194, title = {Dental Drug Information Applications: New Initiative Project in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {75-81}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {75}, abstract = {

Objectives: The dental medications information application is one of the grave elements in dental practice. Therefore, the review of the updated mobile applications of dental drug information is swotted. Methods: It was revitalized of the literature on the dental drug information mobile software includes the PubMed and Medline search on this topic in numerous methods. The current project of drug information applications reconnoiters through descriptions with accent on market analysis, SWOT analysis, project team, cost management, quality requirements, and risk factors linked issues. Nominated applications had been invigorated, counting the software name, coverage of the medications, frequency updating, and subscription-related. Results: There is no examination about dental medication{\textquoteright}s mobile applications. There is more than fifteen mobile software suitable for dental providers. The project should be realized through project management professionals tools. The choosing of dental applications includes drug information based on numerous factors, coverage of the scientific data, the level of knowledge, and cost of the subscription. The advantages and disadvantages had studied throughout. Conclusion: The drug information resources with mobile applications are useful and easily reachable for all dental practitioners{\textquoteright} specialties. Therefore, the employment of the dental applications of drug information is highly suggested in dental care.

}, keywords = {Application, Dental, Drug, Information, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2021.7.13}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Hanin Sumaydan Saleam Aljohani and Amnah Abdulaziz Al Shams and Sukinah Abdulaziz Mohammed Alshams} } @article {196, title = {Dental Drug Information Tertiary Resources: New Initiative Project in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {44-52}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {44}, abstract = {

Objectives: The textbook of dental drug information resources is a prime reference to dental knowledge. The dental knowledge valuation is appropriate for dental care. The contemporary topic of declaring the updated information about dental medications textbooks. Methods: It is a literature review of drug information resources and tertiary resources in dental practice. Searching of PubMed/Medline dated from the 1960s to 2021s. It entailed of all types of research design including market analysis, SWOT analysis, quality management of the project, and management of any risks. The selected drug information resources list was done through resources name, medications coverage, types of publications, either manual or online or mobile applications, frequency of updating, and the publisher. Results: The total number of nominated dental tertiary drug information was more than twenty. The tertiary resources are articulated as regular textbooks or online and mobile applications. Some resources were only about dental drug information. They were a potted or in-depth information including some of the resources about disease management with importance on the specialties. Recently, there is a collection of drug information textbooks through a website. This includes choice of selection textbookbased of updated information, method of publications online and applications and cost-related issues. Conclusion: Dental drug information resources textbook was vital in the dental care. The collection of textbooks with more than one method of publication online and mobile application are highly endorsed in dental practice.

}, keywords = {Dental, Drug, Resources, Saudi Arabia, Tertiary}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2021.7.9}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Hanin Sumaydan Saleam Aljohani and Arub Abdullah Batil Albatil and Amnah Abdulaziz Al Shams and Sukinah Abdulaziz Mohammed Alshams} } @article {197, title = {Dental Drug Information Websites Resources: New Initiative Project in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {53-60}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {53}, abstract = {

Objectives: All healthcare professionals necessity to improve and update their medical and pharmaceutical knowledge, including dentists. There are numerous types of dental medications, including drug information website resources. The current review is to reconnoiter references websites of medications in the dental care. Methods: It is a literature review of a drug information website for dentists. Probing was done in PubMed and Medline about this field. The search encompassed all study designs but was not limited to the observation study, clinical trial, meta-analysis and systemic, and review articles. The current topic debated the market assessment demand, team and cost management of the project, quality and risk management of the project. It was rationalized on selected dental drug websites designed with medications coverage, frequency updated, and responsible publisher. Results: More than 13 drug information websites for dental practice had been intended. The websites consisted of free governmental or healthcare organizations websites highlighting international medications regulation or local drug regulatory affairs with mobile applications format. Free non-governmental drug information website entailed of drug therapy as part of disease management and other medication patient education websites. All websites of dental drug information resources should be measured undergraduate and postgraduate dental practitioners. Conclusion: Dental drug information resources website is real-world and more accessible than other resources. Therefore, implementation of the current project is highly recommended for dental colleges and healthcare organizations.

}, keywords = {Dental, Drug, Information, Resources, Saudi Arabia, Websites}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2021.7.10}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Hanin Sumaydan Saleam Aljohani and Arub Abdullah Batil Albatil} } @article {198, title = {Evidence-based Drug Dentistry Resource: New Initiative Project in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {7}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {66-74}, type = {Review Articles}, chapter = {66}, abstract = {

Objectives: Evidence-based dentistry is a existing practice in the dental care. Evidence-based dental medications play a grave part in this field. The reconnoiter of evidence-based dental drug information resources is swotted in this topic. Methods: It is a chronicle review of evidence-based dentistry of drug information resources. The literature had been examined through PubMed and Medline from the 1960s to 2021s. All types of literature encompassed. If not existed, the textbook of drug information will be designed. The project is defined through market analysis and SWOT tools. The team and cost management will be deliberated. Quality management and risk factors will be involved in the project. The list of evidence-based dentistry discovers literature coverage, frequency of updating, type of publications online or applications, and responsible publisher. Results: There are more than twenty evidence-based dentistry drug information resources were nominated. There are numerous types of resources, including free-of-charge evidence-based. It contained of collecting the primary literature and evidence-based dental guidelines. Some resources had a collection of meta-analysis and systemic review literature with a paid subscription. Other comprehensive collection of journal publications includes from the USA and European journals. Additional drug information resources through a comprehensive search engine of all evidence-based dental drug information resources. The choice of evidence-based dentistry is based on numerous factors debated in the topic. Conclusion: Evidence-based dentistry with an emphasis on drug information resources connected issues is a present part of dental practice. Therefore, the implementation of the project is mandatory at the healthcare organizations in the dental care.

}, keywords = {Dentistry, Drug, Evidence-based, Resources, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2021.7.12}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Hanin Sumaydan Saleam Aljohani and Arub Abdullah Batil Albatil} } @article {149, title = {Cost Analysis of Neonatal Drug Distribution Services at Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports}, volume = {5}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {S17-S19}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {S17}, abstract = {

Objectives: The cost estimation of delivery of drug therapy management (unit dose, floor stock and discharge) for neonatal inpatient is a part of the pharmacoeconomic program and changing the system to the Saudi vision 2030 at MOH in Saudi Arabia. The study explored the cost calculations of delivery of drug therapy services for neonate{\textquoteright}s population by using American Model with local cost. Methods: It is cross-sectional 6-months analysis of drug distribution services for neonate patients conducted in 2016. It was at 300-Bed Maternity and Pediatrics Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The cost analysis consisted of three domains. Domain one; the cost of delivery of Adults drug therapy management with 144 beds. Domain two; the cost of delivery of pediatrics drug treatment services with 55 beds. Domain three; cost of delivery for neonate{\textquoteright}s therapy services with 82 beds. For each domain, the physician prescribed the medications. The pharmacist reviewed and prepared drugs and distributed through unit dose system, floor stock distribution and discharge medications. The nurse administered drugs and followed up with doctors. The drugs were prepared through ASHP standards and facilities. The oral and topical ready to deliver drugs were included in the study while sterile product and compounding formulations were excluded from the study. The cost was derived from Ministry of Health information database. The cost model was calculated based on variable expenses including personal cost, material and supply cost. Fixed costs including direct cost, non-salary cost and overhead cost. All cost was used US dollar currency and local prices. This study analyses the three domains. Results: The estimated daily cost of neonatal unit dose drug distribution system for all total pediatrics 82 beds was (1,303.31 US). It contained three types; the unit dose system (794.83 USD), drug floor stock distribution system (371.37 USD) and discharge medication system (137.11 USD). The cost of delivery of medicines to single bed per day was (41.64 USD) with highest estimated cost of delivery from discharge medication (27.42 USD), followed by unit dose services (9.69 USD) and floor stock therapy (4.53 USD). The majority of cost came from overhead cost in floor stock services and discharge medication delivery; while the personal cost in unit dose services delivery. The total estimated annual expenditures of drug distribution services were (475,708.15 USD). Conclusion: The estimated cost of delivery of neonatal medication therapy is a part of the pharmacoeconomic program at pharmacy services and future vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Analysis, Cost, Distribution, Drug, Ministry of Health, Neonatal, Saudi Arabia, Services}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2019.5.32}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Malika Alhadab and Tahani Alotaibi and Awatif Faraj Alshammari and Nouf Alhaze} } @article {150, title = {Cost of Pediatrics Drug Therapy Services at Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports}, volume = {5}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {S9-S11}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {S9}, abstract = {

Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the estimation cost of delivery drug therapy services for pediatrics by using American Model with local cost in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a cross-sectional 6-months analysis of drug distribution services for pediatric conducted in 2016. It was at 300-bed maternity and pediatrics Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The cost was calculated pediatrics drug therapy management services delivered to 55 beds. The physician prescribed the medications. The pharmacist reviewed and prepared drugs and distributed through unit dose system, floor stock distribution and discharge medications services. The medications were prepared through ASHP standards and facilities. The fast moving oral and topical medications were included in the study. The cost model was calculated based on variable expenses including personal cost, material and supply cost. Fixed cost was including direct cost, non-salary cost and overhead cost. All cost was used of US dollar currency and local prices. Results: The estimated cost of delivery of drug therapy services for all total number pediatrics beds per day was (1,214.68 USD). It consisted of three types; the unit dose system (771.89 USD), drug floor stock distribution system (350.32 USD) and discharge medication services (92.47 USD). The majority of cost came from overhead cost in floor stock services and discharge medication delivery; compared to the personal cost in unit dose services delivery. The total estimated annual expenditures of Drug distribution services were (443,358.20 USD). The highest budget expenditures from unit dose services 63.55\% (281,739.85 USD), followed by floor stock medication delivery 28.84\% (127,866.80 USD) and discharge drug therapy 7.61\% (33,751.55 USD). Conclusion: The estimation cost of delivery pediatrics drug therapy is the first study in the Middle East, Gulf countries and Saudi Arabia. It is basic element of cost calculation of pediatrics-related health care services.

}, keywords = {Cost, Drug, Ministry of Health, Pediatrics, Saudi Arabia, Services, Therapy}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2019.5.30}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Malika Alhadab and Tahani Alotaibi and Awatif Faraj Alshammari and Nouf Alhaze} } @article {129, title = {Drug therapy for chronic diseases during the holy month of Ramadan: a literature review}, journal = {Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports}, volume = {5}, year = {2019}, month = {July 2019}, pages = {75-78}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {75}, abstract = {

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to review the drug therapy for chronic diseases during the holy month of Ramadan. Methods: In this study, we conducted an extensive search of 50 databases through the Saudi Digital Library search engine. We included meta-analysis, randomized controlled studies and observational studies published in English language in May 2017. The search terms included Ramadan, fasting, medication, therapy, type of disease, and medication based on therapeutic class. Medication list related to the gastrointestinal tract diseases, asthma and rheumatoid arthritis and the switch from regular days to Ramadan days revealed comparative safety, efficacy studies, cost of type of medication for each disease studies and national or international evidence based guidelines of switching short halflife to long half-life. All parenteral dosage form of medication were excluded from the analysis. All medications should be listed in the MOH drug formulary. Results: A total of 710 studies were obtained after an extensive search with specific terms. Of those, 104 studies were duplicate studies and 606 studies were included for further evaluation. The evaluation revealed that 27 studies investigated medications related to the gastrointestinal diseases and Ramadan and 15 studies were about medicines for asthma and rheumatoid arthritis and Ramadan. Of those 42 studies of Ramadan and chronic diseases, only 5 studies were found to be appropriate for further evaluation. The suggested draft of list of medications of chronic diseases from regular days to the Ramadan days is explored in the review. Conclusion: The guidelines medications of chronic disease (Asthma, RA, GIT disease) intake during the holy month of Ramadan is not found. The studies of drug schedules in Ramadan does not exist. The investigations about medications therapy of chronic disease are highly recommended in Muslim countries.

}, keywords = {Chronic diseases, Drug, Literature, Ramadan, Review, Therapy}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2019.5.13}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Ban Abdullah Aldosary and Nasser Faleh Aldawas and Rana Mohammed Alslim} } @article {106, title = {National Drug Formulary of the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports}, volume = {4}, year = {2018}, month = {September 2018}, pages = {28-30}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {28}, abstract = {

Objective: To explore the Ministry of Health drug formulary system at the Ministry of Health foundations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Method: It is description analysis of Ministry of Health drug formulary system at Ministry of hospitals and primary healthcare centers. It analysis illustrated within the Pharmacy strategic plan 2012-2020. The analysis process used. The modified pharmacy business model system and Project Management Procedure. Results: Ministry of Heath drug formulary system established with clear vision, mission and goals. The project had human or economic and other resources described in the review. To assure the continuity of the system; the risk management was used and described. Besides, the monitoring and controlling of the system as illustrated. The closing stage with convention to operation project demonstrated in the Analysis. Conclusion: The Ministry of Heath drug formulary system founded and it is considered as part of Pharmacy strategic planning and regulations. The Ministry of Heath drug formulary has normal development accordingly at all Ministry of Health institutions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Drug, Formulary, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2018.4.10}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Saeed Jamaan Alghamdi and Radi Abdullah Alattyh} }