@article {116, title = {The Clinical Outcomes of Pharmacist Interventions at Critical Care Services of Private Hospital in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports}, volume = {5}, year = {2019}, month = {January 2019}, pages = {16-19}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {16}, abstract = {

Objective: Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group (HMG) of Hospitals is one of the largest private chains of hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. At HMG, the clinical pharmacy services were started in 2015 which provides services to the acute and chronic cases of neonates, pediatrics and adults. In this study, we aimed to explore the clinical and economic outcomes of providing clinical pharmacy services at critical care units at a private hospital in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a 6-month cross-sectional study conducted from January to June 2016 at the critical care unit of HMG involving adult patients. The critical care unit has 30 beds dedicated to the treatment of trauma, medical, surgical and maternity patients. The clinical pharmacist monitors all patients through daily medical rounds and documents any intervention that needs to be provided to the patient. The pharmacist intervention system utilized an international study model, a measure of the level of activity, rational of clinical intervention, recommendation and patient outcome. Results: A total number of 1222 pharmacist interventions were provided to 1124 adult patients. The highest number of critical care interventions were found to be potentially significant (610 (49.9\%)) followed by potentially serious (360 (29.5\%)) and neutral (249 (20.4\%)) cases. Anti-infective medications (185 (25.9\%)) were the most category of intervention provided followed by cardiovascular medications (96 (13.5\%)) and gastro-intestinal medications (73 (10.2\%)). The documented rationale of clinical intervention activities was others (203 (28.7\%)), inappropriate dose (122 (17.3\%)) and therapeutic duplication ((99 (14\%)). Most of the patient outcomes were unknown (539 (44.1\%)) followed by patient condition improved (408 (33.4\%)) and therapeutic endpoint reached (133 (10.9\%)). Conclusion: The clinical pharmacy services at critical care units of a private hospital is a significant and essential component for patients care. The clinical pharmacist prevents the occurrence of drug-related problems in addition to saving additional economic burden on the healthcare system at HMG in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Clinical outcomes, Critical care services, Interventions, Pharmacist, Private hopsital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2019.5.4}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Manal El-Bahnasawi and Mohammed Kamran and Tasneen Shaweesh and Soha Alhaj} } @article {152, title = {The Economic Outcomes of Pharmacist Interventions at Critical Care Services of Private Hospital in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports}, volume = {5}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {S23-S34}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {S23}, abstract = {

Objectives: The study aims to explore the economic outcomes of the clinical pharmacist at critical care units at a private hospital in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia in a 6 month study and prevent additional medication costs. Methods: It was a 6-months cross-sectional study from January to June 2016 in adults critical care unit. It was a thirty-bed critical care bed consisting of trauma, medical, surgical and maternity critical care cases. The pharmacist monitored all patients through daily medical round and documents any pharmacist intervention. The pharmacist intervention system used an international study model, measure level of activity, rational of clinical intervention, recommendation, patient outcome and pharmacoeconomic impact related estimated cost avoidance. Results: The total number of pharmacist interventions were (1,222) provided to (1,124) patients. The complete cost avoidance from pharmacist intervention over the study period was (220,882.10 UD) while over one year was (441,764.2 USD). The highest cost avoidance of critical care interventions was from potentially significant 51.00\% (102,581.78 USD) and potentially serious 32.28\% (99,162.29 USD). The majority of cost avoidance came from anti-infective agents (73,408.95 USD) followed by nutrition and blood agents (61,182.97 USD) and cardiovascular medications (27,584.52 USD). The most rational clinical activities cost avoidance was from others type (102,168.44 USD) followed by inappropriate dose (30,504.16 USD) and TPN consultations (25,313.99 USD). The most patient outcome related to cost avoidance was patient condition improved (120,036.38 USD) followed by unknown outcomes (47,067.85 USD) and laboratory values improved (21,661.55 USD). The most pharmacoeconomic cost avoidance impact was a reduction in the cost drug therapy 79.94\% (163,747.96 USD) and the patient length of hospital stay decreased 1.15\% (32,846.49 USD). Conclusion: The critical care clinical pharmacist prevent the additional cost of drugrelated problems occurrences and economic burden on the healthcare system at a private hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Expanding clinical pharmacist at critical care services is highly recommended to all private hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Critical care services, Economic outcomes, Interventions, Pharmacist, Private hopsital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2019.5.34}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Manal El-Bahnasawi and Alaa Elemam and Tasneem Shaweesh and Edmarie Janine Antonio} } @article {118, title = {National Medication Errors Reporting System at Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports}, volume = {5}, year = {2019}, month = {January 2019}, pages = {4-7}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {4}, abstract = {

Objective: To demonstrate the medications errors as part of the pharmaceutical care plan at the Ministry of Health of Health foundations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Method: It is a retrospective analysis of medications error documentation system at the Ministry of Health of Health institutions. The Pharmacy strategic plan 2012-2020 used in the study. The analysis used the modified pharmacy business model system and Project Management Procedure. Results: The medications error documentation system founded with a defined vision, mission and goals. The system had several resources including human or economic and other described in the review. The continuation of the system assured by risk management model description. Also, the monitoring and controlling of the system as illustrated. The convention to operation project though closing project stage demonstrated in the Analysis. Conclusion: The Medications errors documentation system established within the healthcare system and pharmacy regulations. The medications error documentation system is regularly improving accordingly at all Ministry of Health institutions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

}, keywords = {Clinical outcomes, Critical care services, Interventions, Pharmacist, Private hopsital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2019.5.2}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Saeed Jamaan Alghamdi and Radi Abdullah Alattyh} }