@article {235, title = {Antibiotic Prescribing Pattern: Pharmacy Staff Knowledge about Antibiotics at Primary Health Care Centers in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia}, journal = {PTB Reports}, volume = {9}, year = {2023}, month = {November 2023}, pages = {1-10}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Objectives: To declare pharmacy staff knowledge of the rational use of antibiotics at primary health care centers in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Self-administered Questionnaires were distributed to fifty-six pharmacy staff (pharmacists and pharmacy technicians) from randomly selected twentyfive primary health care centers in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included demographic information and 14 closed-ended questions about the rational usage of antibiotics. Results: All the fiftysix pharmacy staff responded to the survey with a response rate of 100\%. The responders consisted of having a Diploma in pharmacy (28 (50\%)), a Bachelor{\textquoteright}s in pharmacy (27 (48.2\%)), and one (1.8\%) postgraduated pharmacist. Most pharmacy technicians were female, 18 (32.1\%) vs. 10 (17.9\%) male, with non-statistically significant differences between them (p=0.131), while the pharmacists were female 22 (39.3\%) vs. male 5 (8.9\%) with statistically significant differences between them (p=0.001). There is insufficient knowledge of the rational use of antibiotics among pharmacy technicians and pharmacists respondents. All pharmacy technicians and pharmacists in the study knew that antibiotics are mainly used for bacterial infections. However, many pharmacy technician and pharmacist participants did not know that antibiotics are ineffective for viral and fungal infections (25\% and 14.3\% for pharmacy technicians, respectively) vs. (16.1, and 17.9\% for pharmacists, respectively). There was no difference in the mean knowledge of antibiotic prescription among respondents, pharmacy technicians, and pharmacists. Furthermore, the respondents had no statistically different knowledge regarding age, gender, and working experience (p\>0.05). However, the age factor might play a significant role in antibiotics knowledge for pharmacy technicians only. Conclusion: The primary health care centers Pharmacy staff (pharmacy technicians and pharmacists){\textquoteright} knowledge of antibiotics rational usages was insufficient. Targeting training and educating about antibiotics generally emphasize antimicrobial resistance risks are highly recommended.

}, keywords = {Antibiotics, Knowledge, Pharmacy, Primary Healthcare Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2023.9.1}, author = {Zainab Albahouth and Samia Zaben Almurshadi and Hind Nasser Altamimi and Tarfah Sultan Binjerais and Abdulaziz Hussain Alhussain and Yousef Ahmed Alomi} } @article {110, title = {National Survey of Medication Safety Practice: Patient Information at Primary Healthcare Centers/Community Pharmacies in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports}, volume = {4}, year = {2018}, month = {September 2018}, pages = {43-48}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {43}, abstract = {

Objective: To explore patient{\textquoteright}s information regarding national medication safety Practice At Primary Healthcare Centers (PHCs) and Community Pharmacies (CPs) in Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-month cross-sectional survey conducted on medication safety practice at PHCs and CPs in Riyadh city. In this study, the survey was adapted and modified from the Institution of Safe Medication Practice (ISMP) medication safety self-assessment for community/ambulatory pharmacy. It consists of a demographic section and 10 domains with 198 questions. The domains captured the following information: patient information; drug information; communication of drug orders and other drug information; drug labeling, packaging and nomenclature; use of medical devices; environmental factors; staff competency and education; patient education; quality processes; and risk management domain. The survey was conducted at the PHCs of the Ministry of Health and at CPs located in Riyadh city. This study is focused on the first domain, that is, patient information in PHCs and CPs in Riyadh city. Results: The survey was distributed to 13 PHCs and 23 CPs. The average {\textpm} Standard Deviation (SD) of all ISMP-self assessment items of medication safety practice at PHCs was 2.75{\textpm}0.36 (54.94 \%) (95\% confidence interval (95\% CI) = 2.55{\textendash}2.95; P\<0.05; range = 2.04{\textendash}3.38). The average {\textpm} SD score of all ISMP-self assessment items of medication safety practice at CPs was 3.14{\textpm}0.42 (62.86\%) (95\% CI = 2.90{\textendash}4.38; P\<0.05; range = 2.40{\textendash}.88). The average {\textpm} SD score of patient information at PHCs was 2.80{\textpm}0.467 (56 \%) (95\% CI = 2.54{\textendash}3.58; P\<0.05; range = 2.08{\textendash}3.45), whereas that of the CPs was 2.60{\textpm}0.667 (52 \%) (95\% CI = 2.23{\textendash}2.97; P\<0.05; range = 1.36{\textendash}3.96). Conclusion: The PHCs and PCs implemented almost half the of ISMP medication safety critical elements including the patient information related issue. Targeting to improve medication safety system at PHCs and CPs is highly recommended in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

}, keywords = {Community Pharmacy, Information, Medication, Patient, Primary Healthcare Center, Riyadh, Safety, Saudi Arabia.}, doi = {10.5530/PTB.2018.4.14}, author = {Yousef Ahmed Alomi and Rana Mohammed Alslim and Manar Mohammed Alslim and Khulud Abdulrahman Alamoudi and Zainab Abdulmunem Almuallem and Adel Mehmas H. Alragas} }